Infectious disease investigation

Environmental health investigate food poisoning illnesses and illnesses caused by water or recreational activities (ie visiting open farms etc). They investigate by taking samples and also completing a questionnaire to determine the type of bacteria causing the illness and where this bacteria was picked up. This is done so that the source of the bacteria can be found and measures put in place to eradicate the organism.

Infectious disease notification

Health protection legislation in England was updated on the 6 April 2010 to give public authorities powers and duties to prevent and control risks to human health from infection or contamination, including by chemicals and radiation.

The main features of the legislation are to:

  • extend the long-standing requirement on Registered Medical Practitioners (RMPs) to notify the proper officer of a local authority of individual cases of specified infectious diseases (notifiable diseases) by also requiring them to notify cases of other infections or of contamination which they believe present, or could present, a significant risk to human health
  • require diagnostic laboratories to notify the Health Protection Agency (HPA) of specified causative agents they identify in tests on human samples
  • provide local authorities with wider, more flexible powers to deal with incidents or emergencies where infection or contamination presents, or could present, a significant risk to human health.

Which diseases are notifiable?

Diseases notifiable (to Local Authority Proper Officers) under the Health Protection (Notification) Regulations 2010 include:

  • Acute encephalitis
  • Acute meningitis
  • Acute poliomyelitis
  • Acute infectious hepatitis
  • Anthrax
  • Botulism
  • Brucellosis
  • Cholera
  • Diphtheria
  • Enteric fever (typhoid or paratyphoid fever)
  • Food poisoning
  • Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS)
  • Infectious bloody diarrhoea
  • Invasive group A streptococcal disease and scarlet fever
  • Legionnaires' Disease
  • Leprosy
  • Malaria
  • Measles
  • Meningococcal septicaemia
  • Mumps
  • Plague
  • Rabies
  • Rubella
  • SARS
  • Smallpox
  • Tetanus
  • Tuberculosis
  • Typhus
  • Viral haemorrhagic fever (VHF)
  • Whooping cough
  • Yellow fever

 


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